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FRM part-1

Syllabus

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MODULE 01

Foundations of Risk Management (FRM)

ChapterTopics
1

The Building Blocks of Risk Management

Covers fundamental concepts of risk management, including how risk-taking and risk management are compared and their importance in organizations.

2

How Do Firms Manage Financial Risk?

Explores various strategies that firms use to identify, manage, and mitigate financial risks, emphasizing the role of risk management tools.

3

The Governance of Risk Management

Discusses corporate governance in risk management, including the board's role, risk appetite, and how these elements shape organizational strategies.

4

Credit Risk Transfer Mechanisms

Provides an overview of credit risk transfer mechanisms like credit derivatives and securitization, with emphasis on issues post-financial crisis.

5

Modern Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model

Introduces Modern Portfolio Theory and the CAPM, foundational concepts for risk-adjusted asset pricing and portfolio management.

6

The Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Multifactor Models of Risk and Return

Explains how Arbitrage Pricing Theory and multifactor models are used to estimate returns and manage risk across different factors.

7

Principles for Effective Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting

Focuses on the importance of effective data aggregation and reporting to improve risk management and decision-making in financial institutions.

8

Enterprise Risk Management and Future Trends

Covers the principles of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and discusses future trends in comprehensive risk management within organizations.

9

Learning from Financial Disasters

Examines historical financial disasters, focusing on key lessons learned to prevent similar failures in future risk management practices.

10

Anatomy of the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2009

Provides a detailed analysis of the 2007-2009 financial crisis, exploring its causes, effects, and lessons for future financial stability.

11

GARP Code of Conduct

Outlines GARP's Code of Conduct, focusing on ethical standards, integrity, and professionalism for risk management professionals globally.

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MODULE 02

Quantitative Analysis (QTA)

ChapterTopics
1

Fundamentals of Probability

Covers basic probability concepts, essential for risk management, including events, probability distributions, and their applications in decision-making.

2

Random Variables

Introduces random variables, key elements in quantitative analysis, and explains their role in modeling uncertainties.

3

Common Univariate Random Variables

Examines key univariate distributions, such as normal and binomial, used to model financial data and assess risk.

4

Multivariate Random Variables

Discusses multivariate distributions, which are crucial for understanding the relationships between different financial variables in risk management.

5

Sample Moments

Focuses on calculating and interpreting sample moments like mean, variance, and skewness, fundamental to statistical analysis.

6

Hypothesis Testing

Covers hypothesis testing techniques, allowing risk managers to make data-driven decisions and validate statistical models.

7

Linear Regression

Explains linear regression, a statistical tool used to model relationships between variables, essential for predicting financial outcomes.

8

Regression with Multiple Explanatory Variables

Delves into multiple regression analysis, exploring how to analyze and interpret relationships involving several explanatory variables.

9

Regression Diagnostics

Focuses on techniques to assess and improve the performance and accuracy of regression models in risk analysis.

10

Stationary Time Series

Explores stationary time series, fundamental for modeling and forecasting financial data that exhibit consistent statistical properties over time.

11

Non-Stationary Time Series

Discusses modeling non-stationary time series, which are essential for understanding data with trends, cycles, or structural changes.

12

Measuring Returns, Volatility, and Correlation

Covers quantitative techniques to measure returns, volatility, and correlation, critical for assessing financial risk.

13

Simulation and Bootstrapping

Introduces simulation and bootstrapping methods used to assess risk by generating possible future outcomes based on historical data.

14

Machine Learning Methods

Covers machine learning techniques applied in risk management, emphasizing data-driven decision-making and predictive analytics.

15

Machine Learning and Prediction

Explores advanced machine learning methods used for prediction and their application in financial risk management scenarios.

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MODULE 03

Financial Markets and Products (FMP)

ChapterTopics
1

Banks

Overview of banking operations, the various risks they face, and the regulatory frameworks governing their activities.

2

Insurance Companies and Pension Plans

Discusses the key features, risks, and management strategies of insurance companies and pension plans.

3

Fund Management

Explores different fund management approaches, including mutual funds and hedge funds, and the associated risks.

4

Introduction to Derivatives

Covers the basics of derivatives, their various types, and how they are used in financial markets for hedging and speculation.

5

Exchanges and OTC Markets

Compares the structure and functioning of exchanges versus over-the-counter (OTC) markets, highlighting the pros and cons of each.

6

Central Clearing

Discusses the role and importance of central clearing in mitigating counterparty risk in financial markets.

7

Futures Markets

Introduction to futures contracts, their features, and the mechanics of trading them in financial markets.

8

Using Futures for Hedging

Explains strategies for using futures contracts to hedge against various financial risks, such as price and interest rate fluctuations.

9

Foreign Exchange Markets

Covers the functioning of foreign exchange markets, including exchange rate determination and the risks involved in currency trading.

10

Pricing Financial Forwards and Futures

Explains the methods for valuing forwards and futures contracts based on underlying asset prices, interest rates, and other factors.

11

Commodity Forwards and Futures

Discusses the unique aspects of commodity-based forwards and futures, including pricing models and market behavior.

12

Options Markets

Explores options markets, types of options available, and how they are used for hedging, speculation, and income generation.

13

Properties of Options

Covers the key factors influencing option pricing, including volatility, time decay, and interest rates.

14

Trading Strategies

Examines various options trading strategies, such as spreads and combinations, and their potential payoffs and risks.

15

Exotic Options

Introduces exotic options, which have more complex features than standard options, and their applications in specialized trading strategies.

16

Properties of Interest Rates

Discusses different types of interest rates, their determinants, and their impact on financial instruments and market behavior.

17

Corporate Bonds

Explores the features, risks, and valuation of corporate bonds, including factors affecting bond yields and prices.

18

Mortgages and Mortgage-Backed Securities

Overview of mortgage products and the process of securitization, including the structure and risks of mortgage-backed securities.

19

Interest Rate Futures

Covers the mechanics and strategies involved in trading interest rate futures, an important tool for managing interest rate risk.

20

Swaps

Introduction to swaps, including interest rate and currency swaps, and their uses in hedging and speculation in financial markets.

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MODULE 04

Valuation and Risk Models (VRM)

ChapterTopics
1

Measures of Financial Risk

Discusses key financial risk measures, including Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES), and their applications in risk management.

2

Calculating and Applying VaR

Explores various methods to calculate and apply Value-at-Risk (VaR) in assessing the potential losses in financial portfolios.

3

Measuring and Monitoring Volatility

Covers approaches to estimate and monitor asset volatility, an essential component of risk measurement and financial modeling.

4

External and Internal Credit Ratings

Examines the role of credit ratings, both external and internal, in assessing creditworthiness and managing credit risk.

5

Country Risk: Determinants, Measures, and Implications

Analyzes country risk, including economic, political, and legal risks, and discusses methods to assess and manage such risks.

6

Measuring Credit Risk

Discusses techniques and models used to measure credit risk, focusing on expected and unexpected losses.

7

Operational Risk

Covers the different types of operational risks organizations face, and the methodologies used to measure and mitigate these risks.

8

Stress Testing

Explores the use of stress testing as a tool to evaluate the resilience of financial institutions under adverse scenarios.

9

Pricing Conventions, Discounting, and Arbitrage

Discusses the principles of pricing fixed-income securities, including the use of discount factors and the law of one price.

10

Interest Rates

Explains how to model and apply interest rates in the valuation of financial instruments and fixed-income securities.

11

Bond Yields and Return Calculations

Focuses on calculating yields and returns for bonds, including the impact of interest rates and maturity on bond prices.

12

Applying Duration, Convexity, and DV01

Discusses the use of duration, convexity, and DV01 to assess and manage the price sensitivity of fixed-income securities.

13

Modeling Non-Parallel Term Structure Shifts and Hedging

Covers advanced hedging strategies using term structure models to manage interest rate risks in financial portfolios.

14

Binomial Trees

Explains how to use binomial tree models to value options, considering the impact of volatility and time to expiration.

15

The Black-Scholes-Merton Model

Provides an in-depth look at the Black-Scholes-Merton model, a foundational tool for pricing European-style options.

16

Option Sensitivity Measures: The 'Greeks'

Discusses option risk management through sensitivity measures like delta, gamma, vega, and theta, essential for hedging strategies.